Lightly crush the spices: Use the side of a knife or a mortar and pestle to crack the cardamom pods and peppercorns. Don’t pulverize—just open them up.
Bloom the spices: In a small saucepan, add water, ginger, cardamom, cinnamon stick, cloves, and peppercorns.
Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to a lively simmer for 5–7 minutes until fragrant.
Add the tea: Stir in the black tea. Simmer for 2–3 minutes for medium strength, or up to 4 minutes for bolder chai. Avoid rolling boils with the tea to prevent bitterness.
Add milk and sweetener: Pour in the milk and add your sweetener.
Return to a gentle simmer. Watch closely—milk can boil over quickly.
Simmer and stir: Let it bubble softly for 2–4 minutes, stirring occasionally. Taste and adjust sweetness or spice by simmering a bit longer if you want it stronger.
Optional froth: Whisk vigorously off heat for 15–20 seconds to build a light froth, or use a handheld frother.
Strain and serve: Strain through a fine sieve into mugs.
Add a pinch of ground cinnamon or a drop of vanilla if you like.