Sauté the aromatics: Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery. Cook, stirring now and then, until softened, about 6–8 minutes.
Add the garlic and spices: Stir in the garlic, cumin, smoked paprika, thyme, and bay leaf.
Cook for 30–60 seconds until fragrant. Don’t let the garlic brown.
Stir in lentils and tomatoes: Add the rinsed lentils and the can of tomatoes with their juices. Stir to coat everything in the spices.
Pour in the broth: Add the vegetable broth and bring the pot to a gentle boil.
Reduce heat to a steady simmer.
Simmer until tender: Cook uncovered, stirring occasionally, until the lentils are tender. Red lentils take about 20–25 minutes; brown lentils take 30–35 minutes. Add a splash of water if the soup gets too thick.
Add quick-cooking veggies: Stir in your chosen vegetables.
Tender greens like spinach need 2–3 minutes. Heartier veggies like green beans or zucchini need 5–8 minutes.
Finish with acidity: Remove the bay leaf. Stir in lemon juice or vinegar.
Taste and adjust with salt, pepper, and more acidity as needed.
Optional texture boost: For a creamier feel, use an immersion blender to blend 1–2 cups of the soup, then return it to the pot. Or mash a few ladlefuls with a potato masher.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and top with parsley and a pinch of red pepper flakes if you like. Add crusty bread on the side for a simple, satisfying meal.